Executive Summary
AI
- Lex Friedman opens with the Cost of War Project's estimates: the post-9/11 wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Pakistan and Yemen caused 900,000 to 940,000 direct deaths, 3.6 to 3.8 million indirect deaths and $8 trillion in spending, with $2.2 trillion on Afghanistan and $2.9 trillion on Iraq and Syria.9:52
- Horton starts the story at the end of Vietnam, when Nixon pushed arms sales to the Shah of Iran, whose F-4s and F-14s came from the Nixon and Ford administrations after the CIA-backed coup of 1953 had put him back in power.13:48
- He reads Carter's July 3rd, 1979 finding ordering the CIA to support Afghan insurgents, and Brzezinski's December 26th, 1979 memo about a 'Soviet Vietnam', arguing Washington deliberately baited Moscow into Afghanistan to bleed it the way Vietnam had bled America.34:26
- Carter then green-lit Saddam Hussein's invasion of Iran, starting nine years of trench warfare through the 1980s in which the United States backed Saddam, sold him the means for chemical weapons, and simultaneously armed the Ayatollah through Israel in the Iran-Contra scandal.43:39
- The thread closes on al-Qaeda: Horton says bin Laden turned on the United States because the Saudi king let American combat forces liberate Kuwait and then never leave the land of the two holy places, alongside sanctions that caused at least 300,000 excess deaths in Iraq.1:27:38
Key Quote
“The worse they do, the better off they are.”
— Scott Horton18:50
Key Quote
“And I have to say, one of the great disappointments of growing up is you find out that the rest of the adults aren't so smart.”
— Scott Horton20:07
Key Quote
“You mentioned the part which I think is fascinating about defeating Vietnam syndrome and reinvigorating martial spirit.”
— Lex Friedman1:16:26