It is a pact signed by Saudi Arabia's Mohammed bin Salman, Turkey's Erdogan and Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif. Its one public line says an attack on any of the three is an attack on them all. Turkey's foreign minister Hakan Fidan called it technically the same as NATO's Article 5, with a secretariat in Saudi Arabia.

The hosts link it to a sense that America is less reliable, with the US attack on Iran as the tipping point. Saudi commentator Ali Shihabi said it reflects recognition that American deterrence has been significantly weakened and that the Iranian threat will increasingly need to be managed by regional powers. Campbell also points to Gaza.

CSIS has suggested the US used something like half its Patriot missiles, and CNN suggests it may be 80%. Of air defence systems in South Korea, as much as a third may have been used. These interceptors have a three-year lead time and cost about $4 million each, often against drones costing tens of thousands.

A bus driver at Leipzig airport spotted a drone, apparently a quadcopter, laden with explosives, near where Western supplies are delivered to Ukraine. Stewart says this is the second time the airport, a key logistics hub for DHL, has been targeted, and the German government says it faces hybrid attacks most days.

Stewart's theory is that they are training exercises keeping a military intelligence capacity going, testing drones from shadow fleets and paying recruits on Telegram, while forcing Europe to spend heavily defending against quadcopters that cost $800. Campbell adds that they aim to provoke a collective anxiety attack in European publics.